The colors are the Pan-Arab colors. The two green stars represent the former union between Syria and Egypt (the United Arab Republic) from 1958 to 1961.
History
Adopted in 1958 and re-adopted in 1980. The flag has remained a point of contention during the Syrian Civil War, with the opposition using the 1932 'Independence Flag' (green-white-black tricolor with three red stars).
Construction
A 2:3 ratio. A horizontal tricolor of red, white, and black with two green five-pointed stars centered in the white band.